URL (Uniform Resource Locator): Definition

Summary

• Web browsers display the URL in the address bar to identify each web page.
• An absolute URL contains all the necessary elements, unlike a relative URL.
• The distinction: URI identifies, URL locates, URN names a resource
• Well-structured URLs improve SEO and user experience.
• Checking the components of a URL helps detect phishing attempts.

What is a URL: definition and technical structure

A URL is a string of characters that locates a resource on the internet. The acronym Uniform Resource Locator means “uniform resource locator” in English. This web address allows browsers to find and display a specific web page on the World Wide Web.

The structure of a URL comprises several essential components:

• The protocol defines the method of accessing the resource.
• The domain name identifies the server hosting the website.
• The path specifies the location of the page on the server.
• Optional parameters add additional information

The most common protocols include HTTP for standard web pages, HTTPS for secure connections, and FTP for file transfer. RFC 3986 defines the official syntax for URLs.

An absolute URL contains all the elements necessary to locate the resource: https://exemple.com/page.html. A relative URL uses the context of the current page: /page.html.

URLs must adhere to strict syntax rules. Only certain characters are allowed, and special characters require percent encoding.

The distinction between URL, URI, and URN deserves clarification. A URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) identifies a resource, while a URL locates it. A URN (Uniform Resource Name) names the resource regardless of its location. Every URL is a URI, but the reverse is not true.

How to use and interpret URLs in web browsing

The web browser displays the URL in its address bar for each web page viewed. Users enter a web address in this bar to access an internet resource. Modern browsers simplify this task by hiding certain elements such as the HTTP protocol.

To retrieve the URL of a web page, click on the address bar of the web browser and copy the full address. This method makes it easy to share a link to a specific resource. URL shorteners transform long addresses into short links to facilitate sharing on social media.

Identifying the components of a URL helps verify its legitimacy. Examine the domain name, the protocol used, and the path to detect phishing attempts. Fraudulent sites often use addresses similar to legitimate sites.

URL parameters and fragment identifiers play a crucial role in SEO. These elements make it possible to target specific sections of a web page and analyze user behavior. 

The structure of a website’s URLs influences the user experience and natural referencing. Google recommends clear URLs with relevant keywords. A logical hierarchy facilitates navigation and improves indexing by search engines.

URLs are an essential part of web browsing, allowing users to locate and share resources on the Internet. By understanding their structure and components, users can browse more efficiently, secure their online interactions, and optimize their digital experience. Mastering URLs is becoming a crucial skill in our connected world.